Jumat, 23 Oktober 2009
Name : Ahmad Junaedi
Npm : 30107096
Class : 3 DB 21
Lecturer : Mrs. Mila Rosmaya
Presentation in English
Introduction
Presentations and reports are ways of communicating ideas and information to a group. But unlike a report, a presentation carries the speaker's personality better and allows immediate interaction between all the participants. A good presentation has:
* Content - It contains information that people need. But unlike reports, which are read at the reader's own pace, presentations must account for how much information the audience can absorb in one sitting.
* Structure - It has a logical beginning, middle, and end. It must be sequenced and paced so that the audience can understand it.
The Voice
The voice is probably the most valuable tool of the presenter. It carries most of the content that the audience takes away. One of the oddities of speech is that we can easily tell others what is wrong with their voice, e.g. too fast, too high, too soft, etc., but we have trouble listening to and changing our own voices.
There are four main terms used for defining vocal qualities:
* Volume: How loud the sound is. The goal is to be heard without shouting. Good speakers lower their voice to draw the audience in, and raise it to make a point.
* Tone: The characteristics of a sound. An airplane has a different sound than leaves being rustled by the wind. A voice that carries fear can frighten the audience, while a voice that carries laughter can get the audience to smile.
There are two good methods for improving your voice:
1. Listen to it! Practice listening to your voice while at home, driving, walking, etc. Then when you are at work or with company, monitor your voice to see if you are using it how you want to.
2. To really listen to your voice, cup your right hand around your right ear and gently pull the ear forward. Next, cup your left hand around your mouth and direct the sound straight into your ear. This helps you to really hear your voice as others hear it...and it might be completely different from the voice you thought it was! Now practice moderating your voice.
The Body
Your body communicates different impressions to the audience. People not only listen to you, they also watch you. Slouching tells them you are indifferent or you do not care...even though you might care a great deal! On the other hand, displaying good posture tells your audience that you know what you are doing and you care deeply about it. Also, a good posture helps you to speak more clearly and effective.
Throughout you presentation, display:
* Eye contact: This helps to regulate the flow of communication. It signals interest in others and increases the speaker's credibility. Speakers who make eye contact open the flow of communication and convey interest, concern, warmth, and credibility.
* Facial Expressions: Smiling is a powerful cue that transmits happiness, friendliness, warmth, and liking. So, if you smile frequently you will be perceived as more likable, friendly, warm, and approachable. Smiling is often contagious and others will react favorably. They will be more comfortable around you and will want to listen to you more.
* Voice. One of the major criticisms of speakers is that they speak in a monotone voice. Listeners perceive this type of speaker as boring and dull. People report that they learn less and lose interest more quickly when listening to those who have not learned to modulate their voices.
Active Listening
Good speakers not only inform their audience, they also listen to them. By listening, you know if they are understanding the information and if the information is important to them. Active listening is NOT the same as hearing! Hearing is the first part and consists of the perception of sound.
Nerves
First, do not fight nerves, welcome them! Then you can get on with the presentation instead of focusing in on being nervous. Actors recognize the value of nerves...they add to the value of the performance. This is because adrenaline starts to kick in. It's a left over from our ancestors' "fight or flight" syndrome. If you welcome nerves, then the presentation becomes a challenge and you become better. If you let your nerves take over, then you go into the flight mode by withdrawing from the audience. Again, welcome your nerves, recognize them, let them help you gain that needed edge! Do not go into the flight mode! When you feel tension or anxiety, remember that everyone gets them, but the winners use them to their advantage, while the losers get overwhelmed by them.
Active/ passive exercise
Tugas Bahasa Inggris bisnis
Name : Ahmad Junaedi
Npm : 30107096
Class : 3 DB 21
Lecturer : Mrs. Mila Rosmaya
Bab 1 :
Active / Passive Exercise 1
Make the following active sentences passive(if possible). In some cases a by-phrase is optional.
Question :
1. one of the servants stole the jewels.
- Subject : one of the servants
- Verb : stole
- Object : the jewels
The answer :
Passive : the jewels were stolen by one of the servant.
2.they could have written more letters to their parents.
- Subject : they
- Verb : could have written
- Object : letters
The answer :
Passive : More letters could have been written by them to their parents.
3.we feed the animals twice a day.
- Subject : we
- Verb : feed
- Object : animals
The answer :
Passive : animals are fed twice a day by us.
4.we drove to
- Subject : we
- Verb : drove
- Object :
The answer :
Passive : we were driven to
5.she invited us to the movies.
- Subject : she
- Verb : invited
- Object : us
The answer :
Passive : we were invited by her to the movies.
6.the airplane flew over our house.
- Subject : the airplane
- Verb : flew over
- Object : our house
The answer :
Passive : our house was flown by the airplane.
7.we took the test on friday.
- Subject : we
- Verb : took
- Object : the test
The answer :
Passive : 7.the test was taken by us on friday.
8.one of the student sang the song.
- Subject : one of the student
- Verb : sang
- Object : the song
The answer :
Passive : the song was sung by one of the student.
9.professor scoot teachs literature in the fall.
- Subject : professor scoot
- Verb : teachs
- Object : literature
The answer :
Passive : literature is taught by professor scoot in the fall.
10.the grocer freezes the meat every day.
- Subject : the grocer
- Verb : freezes
- Object : the meat
The answer :
Passive : the meat is frozen by the grocer every day.
Bab 2 :
Active / Passive Exercise 2
Make the following passive sentences active.
Question :
1.the prisoners were captured by the enemy .
- Subject : .the prisoners
- Verb : were captured
- Object : the enemy
The answer :
Active: the enemy captured the prisoners .
2.the exercises are being done by the class .
- Subject : the exercises
- Verb : are being done
- Object : the class .
The answer :
Active : he class is doing the exercises .
3. the home work could have been done by him in ten minutes.
- Subject : the home work
- Verb : could have been done
- Object : animals
The answer :
Active : he could have done the homework in ten minutes.
4.the lesson is taught by the teacher on fridays.
- Subject : the lesson
- Verb : is taught
- Object : the teacher
The answer :
Active : the teacher teaches the lesson on friday.
5.the museum is not used by people who lives outside the city.
- Subject : the museum
- Verb : is not used
- Object : people
The answer :
Active : the people who lives outside the city don't use the museum
6.the student spoke creole before they came to
- Subject : the airplane
- Verb : flew over
- Object : our house
The answer :
Active : the student spoke creole before they came to Miami.(kalimat ini sudah aktif. Jika kalimat pasive pasti di tulis were spoken. sehingga tidak dirubah)
7.meeting are held by our club on fridays.
- Subject : meeting
- Verb : are held
- Object : our club
The answer :
Active : our club hold the meeting on fridays.
8.romans no longer speak latin.
- Subject : romans
- Verb : speak
- Object : latin.
The answer :
Active : Romans no longer speak Latin.(Kalimat ini sudah aktif)
9.the keys is always forgotten by my roommate.
- Subject : the keys
- Verb : is always
- Object : my roommate.
The answer :
Active : my roommate always forget the keys.
10.my application had already been filled out by the time I was called.
- Subject : my application
- Verb : had already been filled out
- Object : by the time
The answer :
Active : by the time I called, my application had already been filled out.
Bab 3 :
Essay Exercise 2
correct these student sentences from TOEFL test essays . find passive and past participle errors.
1. was grown up in the countryside.
The exercise number 1 it’s correct. We shouldn’t change te sentence.
The answer :
I was grown up in the countryside..
2.I have spend a lot of time with only one or two close friends .
it’s not correct. Spend should be spent.
The toefl should be Have been spent
The answer :
I have (spent)a lot of time with only one or two close friends .
3. Traditional schools are base on the idea that learning with a teacher is best.
it’s not correct. base on should based on
The toefl should be are based on
The answer :
traditional schools are (based) on the idea that learning with a teacher is best.
4.cities were universities are founding usually have a higher standard of living .
it’s not correct. founding should founded
The toefl should be are being founded
The answer :
were universities are being founded usually have a higher standard of living .
.
5.only good students have admitted to university in my country,so many students dont have a chance to improve their lives.
it’s not correct have admitted
The toefl should be have been admitted
The answer :
only good students have been admitted to university in my country,so many students dont have a chance to improve their lives.
6.changes are making to my university. it’s not correct have admitted
it’s not correct making should be made
The toefl should be are being made
The answer :
.changes are being made to my university.
7.if a new university built in my home town ,students will have good and bad experiences . it’s not correct
The toefl should be is built
The answer :
if a new university (is) built in my home town ,students will have good and bad experiences .
8.
it’s not correct the sentence has wrong meaning.
The toefl should be English as the subject and
The answer :
.English is used in
9.medical schools and dental schools are applied to high level students.
the sentence it’s correct
The answer :
medical schools and dental schools are applied to high level students.
10.if I study with a teacher, I can be understood my problems.
it’s not correct
The answer :
if I study with a teacher, I ( could understand)my problems(ini conditional if).